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于坚:安娜的酒吧

安娜的酒吧
作者:于坚
来源:《清明》 2008年第2期

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2000年的五月,有家酒吧在昆明一所大学旁边的小街上悄然开业。与众多酒吧不同的是,该酒吧的老板是个瑞典人,名叫安娜(Anna Mellergard),她是瑞典诗人托马斯·特朗斯特罗姆的崇拜者,本人也是诗人。她与丈夫从1990年开始在中国的漫游,深为中国的魅力所吸引, 1994年他们来到昆明,立即爱上它,认为这是中国最好的地方。六年后,他们的酒吧在昆明开业。在昆明开设这家酒吧,与其说是为了赚钱, 还不如说他们找到了一个在昆明长期呆下来的借口。外国人在昆明开设酒吧,自从1949年以来,这也许是第一次。作为云南省的首府,中国西 南地区最重要的城市之一,昆明有着1000年以上的历史。它位于云贵高原之上,湄公河的上游,著名的高原湖泊滇池以及四季如春的气候令它 在中国享有盛誉。这是中国典型的外省,生活节奏缓慢,人们不关心政治而热衷于生活的乐趣。昆明是中国少数民族文化的一个中心,它是中国极少数由非汉族的民族建立起来的城市,它在历史上曾经是前南诏帝国的陪都。以大理为中心的南诏曾经是一个令唐帝国头痛的独立政权,它使十万唐朝军队埋葬在它的领域,其势力最强盛的时候甚至曾经波及湄公河下游的高棉帝国。中国大多数汉族以外的民族都集中在云南省,作为土著民族,他们顽强地坚持着与汉民族不同的哲学和生活方式,因此昆明被历史培养出一种与众不同的宽容开放的传统。这是一个阳光灿烂、有着明清风格的城市。20世纪中期,一条窄轨铁路把这个城市与法国在东南亚的殖民地连接起来,它因此也属于中国现代化早期受到西方生活方式影响的城市之一。酒吧在昆明,并不是国家1979年以来推行的现代化产生的新鲜事物,上世纪三十年代,酒吧就是昆明的时髦场所,后来它逐渐与传统的茶馆一样平民化了。就是在文革时期,这个城市依然有酒吧在营业。昆明人完全忘记了把咖啡作为西方资产阶级生活的象征之一来加以取缔,在千年历史中养成的包容精神已经根深蒂固,这种传统令昆明完全意识不到咖啡在文革时期的”资产阶级生活方式”的象征色彩,人们把它看成茶那样的东西。因此在我的青年时代,当我通过地下的秘密阅读读到法国小说中关于咖啡馆的描写的时候,是很亲切的,因为我经常出入于昆明金碧路的一家由越南侨民创建的著名咖啡馆,那并不是一个昂贵的地方,一杯咖啡只是五角人民币。许多从印度尼西亚回国的华侨喜欢在那里聚会,那是一个西方奇装异服的小型博览会,人们在那里交易走私物品,弹奏吉他,秘密交谈。当然这也是一个警察经常突击搜查的地点,但从来没有想到要取缔咖啡,这种饮料的西方风格如此鲜明,在中国内地许多城市,它其实是作为西方生活方式的象征被禁止的。但在云南省,咖啡这种无害的刺激品是南方亚热带丛林中的国营农场大量种植的作物。云南在历史上曾经是中国最大的鸦片生产地,它的南部与著名的金三角接壤,亚洲的咖啡从云南开始,向南蔓延直到安达曼海和泰国湾。而云南也是这个辽阔的咖啡带最有文化品位的地区之一,它属于汉文化巨大神经的末梢,但非常敏感,20世纪中国多次重要的历史事件都发生在这里,革命党人孙中山把云南作为起义的一个据点,著名的反对中国历史上最后一个称帝的政治领袖袁世凯、维护共和的全国起义就开始于云南。而在上世纪三十年代末,昆明更是成为中国的左岸,由于日本人的入侵,无数诗人、艺术家、作家、教授和形形色色的知识分子从中国内地迁移云南,在数年间,昆明成为中国的文化中心。数千年的移民活动,令这个省广纳中国血缘中的各种精华。另类、正统、少数、汉文化传统、东南亚殖民地的影响、山地土著民族的天真风格并存于此,令云南就像这个省著名的云那样灿烂、丰富、深邃而迷人,魅力持久,具有天然的波西米亚气质。

这种宽容的风格居然经历了严峻的文革时期持续到21世纪。诺地卡酒吧不仅为外国人经营,并且它还将成为昆明的一个支持先锋派文化活动的基地。诺地卡甫一开业,就立即展开了各式各样的文化活动,画展、诗歌朗诵、音乐演奏、录像放映等等。这些活动大都具有前卫风格,在各个国家的文化中,先锋派的含义是不一样的,因为其针对的传统并不一样,在中国,20世纪末期的先锋派艺术针对的对象是僵硬的文革左派,这种针对性从70年代末的地下文化开始,到21世纪初已经逐渐为主流意识形态所容忍,因为主流意识形态也在逐步抛弃那些极左的风格。但较为集中、持久、固定、公开的先锋文化活动场所并不多见,昆明的许多酒吧偶尔也展开零星的前卫文化活动,但持久的有计划地利用酒吧来进行西方风格的文化活动,几乎每周一次,在昆明绝无仅有。诺地卡迅速吸引了昆明的波西米亚分子,一些具有前卫思想的诗人、艺术家、学生、市民以及居留在昆明的西方人立即成为这个酒吧的常客。

安娜和她的丈夫都出生于1958年。在中国的风俗中,这一年出世的人都属于十二生肖中的狗。狗在中国被视为忠诚和吉利的象征。如果某人家里突然来了狗,那就意味着好运到来。狗也预兆灾难,并可以阻止灾难的发生。古代中国人把狗作为重要的祭祀品。在中国人看来,狗具有神秘主义色彩,与不可知世界有着秘密的联系。安娜在瑞典的职业就是从事文化交流活动,这些活动由一个学院和一个文化机构支持,她是它们的雇员。安娜说,诺地卡是非赢利的,它的活动经费主要靠北欧各种基金会的支持,安娜并不从这些经费中获得报酬。她从学院和文化机构获得工资,争取基金开展活动就是她的工作。安娜说,我很善于给各种基金会写报告。申请基金,依靠的主要是基金会对申请者的私人信用和能力的信任。2000年到2006年,诺地卡仅各种展览就举办了80多次,这样丰富频繁的活动是中国官方的文化组织望尘莫及的,安娜得到了北欧国家各种基金会的有力支持,但最近安娜告诉我,这种支持已经结束了,她要再申请到基金会越来越困难。因为北欧现在认为,中国已经成为经济强国。最近安娜考虑的是如何开展赢利的事业来继续诺地卡的运转。”这样的事只有安娜干得出来”,在瑞典的马尔莫,安娜的朋友经常这么说她,意思是她是一个经常喜欢”乱搞”的家伙,她注册各式各样的协会、社团,有一次在一天内就注册了两个协会。”北欧艺术协会”、以及由佩塔领导的艺术文化协会(NDO)。”我喜欢在瑞典制造一点小小的混乱”。安娜满头金发,精力充沛,在酒吧里穿过的时候像一团高举着的火焰。中国生活表面的喧嚣令她着迷,”我是一个出生在瑞典的中国人”,她开玩笑地说。她喜欢混乱,她周围的很多人都喜欢按照计划生活,计划稍有差错,他们就会非常沮丧。”而我则是预定的计划越出问题,我越兴奋,这意味着事情是有活力的,有各种可能性的,会出现完全预想不到的转折,而不是公共汽车那样的一个个已知的站台。在中国,许多事情是不知道的,你只要去做,到最后你才知道你是否可以做成,我喜欢这种不确定。也许这是我喜欢中国的原因。”多年之后,安娜发现,中国式的混乱只是一个表面,而在表面后面,各种复杂的关系才是中国生活真正的秩序。

安娜的丈夫佩塔是瑞典著名的外科医生,在欧洲同行中享有声誉。佩塔对中国发生兴趣是在他的学生时代,1966年的文革影响的不只是整个中国,也是全世界,从格瓦拉到萨特,以及瑞典的初中生佩塔。文革令这个初中生对中国产生了强烈的好奇心。1990年的中国之行,他完全被这个国家的生活所征服,吸引他的是什么,佩塔到今天也无法说清楚,有一年佩塔见到了他非常仰慕的一位欧洲著名的外科医生,见面后他的仰慕之情完全消失了,佩塔发现,这位大师在专业领域里非常杰出,但他的私人生活却非常失败,他对专业的迷恋令他成功,但也割断了他与世界和人群的血肉联系,他成为一个孤僻、不近人情、冰凉如手术刀的家伙。佩塔觉得,专业固然重要,但世界是丰富的,与世界的联系、关系是更重要的,佩塔在与我的多次谈话中经常提到老子的思想,他不喜欢孔子。佩塔是一个另类的西方知识分子,一方面,他是专业上的权威;另一方面他也具有诗人气质,他认为艺术是一种可以影响世界的语言。

我2001年的春天来到安娜的酒吧,人家给我介绍她是一位诗人,这是我对她的酒吧产生兴趣的原因,但我直到今天也没有见过安娜的任何一首诗,她的诗歌神秘地呆在瑞典语的某处,也许就在她那北欧人特有的钻石般的眼睛后面,而她在诺地卡的工作却充满着诗意。我有时候坐在酒吧外面的小圆桌旁边喝一杯咖啡,就像凡高某幅作品里的人物,偶尔,春天的柳絮飘摇而至,落到我的笔记本上,诺地卡与巴黎街头市民司空见惯的咖啡馆不同,它突出在昆明生活的表面,与它周围的其他店铺相比,有点从天而降的感觉,它更像一个舞台,总是在举行熟人之间的假面舞会,参与者总是人数固定的一小撮先锋派艺术人士。诺地卡似乎无法吸引那些比较传统的中国艺术爱好者,例如那些热衷于品味茶叶、练习书法、欣赏水墨山水画、古体诗词、梅花、石头并养兰草的人们。无视大众的波希米亚诗人和艺术家在这里遇见他们的同志,互相鼓励。我曾经在一首诗歌里表现了这些场面:有一个晚上我和另一位诗人在二楼举办了一个诗歌朗诵会,到场的听众大约三十多人,当然他们都是素养很高的听众。其中,我朗诵了我在1999年写的一首关于酒吧的诗:

……美学的表面布置着玫瑰花和咖啡/椅子是铁做的 玻璃杯 玻璃杯/地板暗藏着危险 刚刚/一只消化不良的白颈鹤/被抒情小品的液体滑倒 惊魂留下/伤口送去了医院 是哪个凶手设计的/夜生活 他牺牲在虚荣的场合/其貌不扬 被介绍给仪态万端的白痴……

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与昆明上世纪八十年代新开业的、喜欢炫耀他们从画报或者盗版碟模仿来的西方风格的酒吧比起来,诺地卡正常得多,它似乎是直接从安徒生童话的某一页漂移过来的。安娜把她的酒吧装修成北欧风格,乳白色的房间,诗人托马斯·特朗斯特罗姆的肖像,艺术家的作品、诗集、钢琴,书架上放着关于瑞典生活的杂志、画册,任何人坐在里面都会被怀疑为现代派诗人或者艺术人士。出售地道的瑞典肉丸、面包、土豆条、咖啡和红酒,让一个中国舌头在里面有点生涩,感到难以开口,但酒吧主人安娜与佩塔平易近人的风格立即把这一切消解了。我记得那个夜晚佩塔也朗诵了中国古代诗人陶渊明的作品,这是英文版的,在英文里,那些简洁的诗歌变得臃肿漫溢,重新翻译回中文有点不知所云,但我最终搞清了是陶潜的哪些诗歌,其中两句我过去读过,但这个夜晚我再也不会忘记了。

落地即为尘
何必骨肉亲

这种”四海之内皆兄弟”的超越性思想,完全无视国家、意识形态、宗教、民族、语言、血缘等等的界限,相信人类有着更为基本的联系,在中国已经有数千年的历史。那个夜晚再次令我们这些来自世界相距最遥远的那些地方,被偶然性联系起来的人们获得启示。这个夜晚建立了我与安娜和佩塔之间的友谊,我们语言不通,但我们明白尘埃对人生意味着什么。

瑞典诗人托马斯·特朗斯特罗姆的到来是诺地卡开业以来的第-个高潮。这个坐在轮椅上的瑞典语大师在昆明的春天传奇般出现的时候,昆明诗歌界沸腾了。托马斯的诗在1980年代被翻译成汉语发表在《世界文学》杂志上,在中国诗歌爱好者中很有影响。2004年,我与他一道获得北京一个诗歌组织颁发的”新诗界国际诗歌奖”,”新诗界国际诗歌奖”是中国首次由民间诗歌组织颁发的,评选对象包括外国诗人在内的重要奖项。托马斯·特朗斯特罗姆是第一个在中国获得民间诗歌奖项的西方诗人。在此之前,访问过昆明的西方著名诗人是艾伦·金斯伯格,他于1985年来到昆明。安娜的酒吧几乎被要求签名的人们挤爆了,恰好当时托马斯·特朗斯特罗姆的诗集在中国出版,许多读者拿着他刚刚出版的中文版诗集请他签名。这位前心理医生坐在轮椅上为读者签名的场景令我想到中国医院的诊室,在那里,患者一个个被请进去诊疗的规定经常被破坏,患者们一拥而上,把医生团团围住,后来,我写了一篇关于这本诗集的文章。

“突然,漫游者在此遇上年迈/高大的橡树–像一头石化的/长着巨角的麋鹿,面对九月的大海/那墨绿的城堡/北方的风暴。正是楸树的果子/成熟的季节。在黑暗中醒着/能听见橡树上空的星宿/在厩中踩脚”
托马斯·特郎斯特罗姆《风暴》
引自:李笠译《特郎斯特罗姆诗全集》

与其说这是一个瑞典诗人的作品,不如说它更像一位当代中国诗人的作品。或者说更像我们时代诗人们想像中的那种”诗意的”"纯粹的”而又”洋气十足”的在现代主义的旗号下神气活现的东西。然而不幸的是,这首杰作确实不是当代中国诗歌。而且在某些方面,当中国当代诗歌已经给人”就是这类东西”的印象时,我们还是很难发现可以和这首诗歌已经达到的水准相当的作品。

就在我出生的那年,1954年,以此诗为首的17首诗在瑞典发表,轰动西方诗坛。杰出的诗人终于在瑞典语中出现了,用这种语言写诗的历史不过几百年左右。对于瑞典人来说,托马斯·特郎斯特罗姆的出现,犹如在汉语中出现了唐诗。也是的,诗人作为诗人的时代,战争、革命、分裂都已经结束,现代化已经完工。他既没有艾略特那样对现代化的焦虑,对”荒原”的恐惧,也没有艾伦·金斯伯格那样对资产阶级人间乐园的愤怒,他把目光转向了自然和他热爱的人生。一本介绍瑞典的小册子写道:在瑞典,人类文明仍然是大自然中的客人,酷爱大自然、敬重大自然,在瑞典现代社会中依然有强大的推动力,而且和信奉国教差不多。上班时间努力工作,忠于职守和自我约束,休息时完全放开、自由自在和享受生活(见《瑞典和瑞典人》)。瑞典人的世界是一个自然在很大程度上被保留着的世界,人们普遍有着某种”天人合一”式的世界观,在这里诗人与日常生活、福利制度是和解的,衣食无忧,诗人与世界的关系正像盛唐帝国时代的诗人,是审美的、感激的、诗意的,入世而又飘逸的。这使他的诗歌具有一种非时代性,来自对世界的基本事物和生活世界(只有当现时代的意识形态对于诗人不是一种令人窒息的空气,诗人才可能正常地感受到基本的事物和生活世界)的感恩戴德而不是反抗,纯诗,诗人梦想中的诗,是读者经验中的以为应该如此的诗。而这些诗译成汉语似乎也比艾略特、艾伦·金斯伯格们更是”诗的”。作为诗人,他也是一帆风顺,23岁发表17首诗之后,即在瑞典诗坛取得了不朽者的地位。他不反抗什么,他只是以想像力呈现了一个伊甸园式的世界。

作为汉语诗歌的现代主义,许多诗人内在的标准与其说是愤怒、荒诞、不高雅的、世俗的现代主义,不如说是庞德、托马斯们的具有古典东方色彩的唯美的现代主义,而且是李贺那样的超现实主义。北岛就深受托马斯的影响,他是最早翻译托马斯作品的译者之一。托马斯影响了当代许多汉语诗人,许多诗人的理想,就是要成为诗人中的诗人,而且是诗意的诗人。对于唐诗,诗人们都知道,我们早己不是同一个在场,它被诗人们视为古董。但以另一种语言尤其是在西方语言中出现的类似唐诗(在一个歌舞升平的古代世界,也是古代东方”现代化”的高峰中创造的诗歌)的幽灵,诗人们却作为现代主义来接受。其实在托马斯看来,唐诗恰恰是现代主义的经典。就像日本的浮世绘在印象派画家的眼中那样。(西方世界在二十世纪对东方文化的感应,其实不是灵感忽至,而是有着其生活世界的感受的,某种”盛世”的感受弥漫在西方许多二十世纪后期的诗人的作品中。无非有的是盛世危言,有些是盛世感言罢了。)托马斯可能复苏了汉语诗人们对”诗意”的记忆,但问题是,他们与托马斯有着同样的在场么?托马斯是在二十世纪的瑞典而不是在唐朝写下这些诗歌的,托马斯进入诗坛之所以比较容易,是因为他恰好满足了福利社会读者对所谓”诗意的”期待,这种诗意作为一种知识早已通过教育使读者刻骨铭心,这种诗意也渗透在福利世界的生活中。托马斯的诗歌再次通过当代语言使这种诗意在现时代中复活,与艾伦·金斯伯格不同,后者不仅要创造现时代的诗歌语言,而且要创造一种新的”诗意”,这种诗意与资产阶级福利社会教养中的诗意如此格格不入,以致金斯伯格为此被送上了法庭。

中国模仿者的困境是,他们既没有唐代世界的在场,又没有瑞典世界的在场。他们位于中国二十世纪多灾多难的历史中。他们可能拒绝看到这一点,但这一历史遗产就像宿命一样,使诗人们的在场在本质上与托马斯养尊处优的生活没有丝毫共同之处。他们成为诗人中的诗人的梦想并没有基本的东西来支持–与生活和自然的真正关系(这种关系是在诗人相信天长地久的状态中建立的,而不是思想解放的产物。)于是诗歌成为诗人仅仅是为了诗人一角的风度、成功和自我戏剧化的鹤立鸡群的表演道具,以托马斯的方式来表演,那是最容易进入诗意世界的了。但在托马斯的诗歌中,那是存在,是北欧充裕的物质世界和自由精神王国中,人们对自然和人生的刻骨铭心的亲和所产生的想像力、以及无忧无虑因此在精神松弛的状态下对自然人生的深刻感受。就像歌德时代一样,诗人对于国王、大公、贵族、传统和日常生活等等,并没有阶级的意识,更没有愤怒和革命造反的情结,一切就像昔日李白应召进入皇宫一样自然。

托马斯说,他的诗歌放弃雄辩。这讲的真像是我们在中国古代诗歌中学习到的那种知识,中国古代诗歌的一个普遍特点就是它们的不雄辩。通过精练的、点到为止的意象、蒙太奇式的组合,传达只可意会不可言传的意境是古典诗歌的强项。最典型的例子莫如马致远的”枯藤、老树、昏鸦”。托马斯的现代性似乎只是这种组合的更细节化的展开。在”不雄辩上”它依然不如古代汉语诗歌精练,但它比较精确。对于汉语来说,托马斯的方式是传统,对西方来说,他却是现代派。在托马斯的诗歌中,世界更多的还是语言奇妙组合的魅力,”放弃雄辩 “对于他是被意识到的诗歌技术,而不像李白们的诗歌中,”不雄辩”是自在的,是不言自明者。在诗歌中,语言已经退隐,存在的魅力使读者完全忘记了语言。

隐喻、深度意象,在托马斯的诗歌中是对存在的直觉,是物质生活和精神世界的无忧无虑者对自然和日常生活的直觉,沉思,他的感受是本源的,与他的生活世界和对世界的态度息息相关,他想像世界,但不是空想世界,他的想像力的美是有具体的”象”作为基础的。在他的那些不可理喻的非逻辑的语言中,我感受到真正的魔力,那些语词不是技术的积木而是精神的容器。他这种诗歌离开了本源很容易成为技术,因为”不可知”的状态,要么令读者就像面对自然一样感受到”不可知 “,要么就是一个江湖骗子在玩”复杂诗艺”的把戏。托马斯是真正的诗人,他是不可模仿的,所有的模仿者,在托马斯的原版面前,只是赝品,只是可怜的技术。

中文版给我的印象是支撑托马斯诗歌的东西不是语感而是智性,这种智性可以分析出来,例如,把抽象的词具体化、拟人化、戏剧化,或者反过来,把具体的事物与抽象的语词联系起来,并抛弃它们之间世俗的”雄辩’,以直觉来把握它们的组合。”盾徽一般、爪子紧抓住旅行”、”玫瑰抓着遁逝的光芒”、”壁炉旁的火柴从立正倒塌为稍息”、”邮票那飞翔的地毯、地址那颠簸的字母加上我封好的真理飞越过海洋”。如果不是因为诗人有着真正的直觉,并在组合中呈现出整体的暗中呼应,那么这样的诗只是语词的小聪明。”羚羊挂角,无迹可求”,对于能够用原文直接阅读唐诗的读者来说,托马斯的诗歌还是雄辩,痕迹太多。”只在此山中,云深不知处。”直接就是说话,没有任何诗语的痕迹,但比诗语更是”诗的”。”雄辩”乃是西方诗歌的宿命,这种宿命是植根在拉丁语言的字母中的,任何从这里越狱的企图,都不可避免地会留下技术上的痕迹。但对于一个在希腊罗马这种文化传统中教养出来的诗人来说,能够”放弃雄辩”,已经足够他成为一个另类,一个现代派了。

托马斯的诗歌太属于”诗意”,一方面他是西方世界期待中的现代主义的”东方式诗意”(应该说,托马斯确实受到东方诗歌的影响,甚至他的诗歌有些就直接模仿徘句的形式。),另一方面,他又是中国诗人梦想的诗意的”现代主义”。西方对于中国文化的理解,在经典的意义上,它是古代的。在现实和当代的意义上它则是政治和制度的而不是审美的。在国际诗歌中,汉语当代诗歌从来没有过直接的”当代性”。而他们读托马斯的东西的时候,当然意识到它们直接就是”当下的”而不是古典的。某种期待中的中国纯诗,其实往往被理解为要么必然是托马斯式的,或者当然的,如果它不是纯诗的话,它必然是一种嚎叫。我怀疑,也许在西方看来,中国诗歌的”现代主义启示录”只是由古典诗歌传达的,而它的当代性只在”政治上”,而不在诗学上。萨义德的这段话可以证实我的想法,”关于莎士比亚或华滋华斯的知识是非政治的知识,而关于当代中国的知识则是政治性的知识”(见《东方学》12页 萨义德著三联书店版),他的所谓的当代中国的知识也许不包括文学,但是我可以说,在西方看来,关于唐诗的知识也是非政治的知识。我还要问:关于当代英国、法国、德国或者荷兰的知识仅仅是政治性的知识么?关于艾青或者北岛的知识和关于托马斯·特郎斯特罗姆是同样的”非政治的知识”么?

为什么中国的托马斯模仿者不像托马斯那样,直接把东方作为一种经典来接受,这样不是比绕道托马斯更方便么,他们就生活在”原文”旁边?因为这样的话,路标就不是”走向世界”了,而是回归传统了。回归传统有什么不好,如果那是一个伟大的诗歌传统的话?托马斯先生天真地问。他不知道,这只是一个诗歌策略。如果没有了”现代主义”的印记,那么”走向世界”在国际诗坛成功也就没有可能。中国当代诗歌如果要与国际”接轨”的话,它必须与”当代”无关,因为那是一个”非诗”的传统,而它又不能直接借道自己的传统(一种只有西方才有资格意识到其价值的知识),它只能借道于西方认可的传统,因为只有西方诗歌才有资格成为传统,包括给唐诗的传统贴上”现代主义的标记”,想想看,唐诗经过庞德出国留洋式的改写,在中国当代诗人们眼里,成了多么牛B的东西啊!中国当代诗歌只有通过西方认可的传统,或者说,已经被处理成”现代主义”的传统,才有希望是莎士比亚之类的”非政治知识”。而托马斯式的写作当然是这方面的一个样本。一些梦想在”地位”上走向国际的诗人早巳聪明地意识到这一点,托马斯其实只是一个成功的符号。在这种走向国际的策略中,诗歌中的托马斯被遮蔽起来。托马斯不再是一种诗歌的”当下”存在,而是一个类似耐克鞋上的钩子那样的一个符号。抽空了托马斯式的来自瑞典生活的基本存在,他的”象”,他的本来就在”世界中”,并不是为了”走向东方”–这种写作就成为仅仅是为了”走向世界”的”语言空转”,”接轨”技术。

同样,在这种对托马斯式诗歌的仿写中,真正的中国世界的存在、中国当代诗歌中真正的现代主义,它的”当代诗歌”也被遮蔽起来。中国世界的诗歌似乎没有它的当代性–那种既不是所谓”超以象外”的”纯诗”,也不是愤怒嚎叫的当代–从基本的世界体会的当代,没有它自己的”象”,没有它的生活常态,没有它的在场,没有它的日常的基本的话语方式,更没有它的诗歌标准和经典性。它要么是歇斯底里的”非诗”的嚎叫,要么是从纸上泊来的东方式的纯诗,它的经典意义与当下中国语境毫无关系,它只是在托马斯式的写作中才有希望成为经典。而对于托马斯来说,诗歌既不是嚎叫,也不是走向世界的纯诗。他那么写,是由于他有一个那样的他深为热爱的”经典”的当下,当然也是作为”政治性知识”的(他的诗歌充满着置身于福利国家和民主社会的幸福感。)当下,他有一个广阔的世界性的诗歌传统,其疆域甚至包括汉语,他选择此或彼不是一种”走向世界”的策略。他就在他的瑞典语世界中,他的全部灵感来自对他置身其中世界的基本状态的感受,他从来不是一个古典诗人,而是当代诗人。

我想,托马斯先生恐怕从没有像中国汉语诗人那样对”翻译体”那么敏感,”翻译体”对于某种语言中的诗歌意味着什么,它是独立于那种语言的另外的一个标准么?如果托马斯的诗歌被接受不是由于在汉语中被接受,它的”好”不是汉语的”好”,难道他是某种在汉语中的二流东西,而在”翻译体”里面却是一流的东西么?

歌德说,拿破仑继承了法国大革命,他则继承了牛顿学说的错误。我们这一代人的历史遗产是什么,是文革,是改天换地的革命导致的毁灭着自然和传统生活世界的”风暴”。我相信我们这一代诗人自有我们的当代性,这是一种丰富、生动、充满活力的知识,它当然是”非政治的”,但它也是”政治的”。最重要的是,它与托马斯先生得以感受到他那种”风暴”的当代性完全不同,但我的”风暴”在激发产生伟大的经典的灵感这一点上,并不逊于托马斯的”风暴”。

对于我这种用现代汉语写作的诗人来说,我以为汉语现代诗歌的特征恰恰不是精炼,而是雄辩。这是我们陌生的传统,在不雄辩,以暗示和隐喻擅长的高度精练的古典诗歌中,世界的另一些感受,幽默感、机智、叙述的力量、细节、局部都很少能够呈现,一句顶一万句的时代过去了,我的工作是开辟汉语诗歌的另一种可能,雄辩,但是不留痕迹,一句就是一句。

托马斯·特郎斯特罗姆是当代的,所以我有幸在昆明春天的一个黄昏见到了托马斯,活人,对昆明好奇着。这老诗人已经中风,说话不清楚。他的相貌看上去有些狡黠,像一个通灵的巫师。他的瑞典话需要他的夫人用英语转述再译成汉语,那是他的话么?老诗人已经半身不遂,走起路来,就像是他的诗歌在晚年获得了肉体,缓慢、重量、小心地迈着步、别踩得太重了,别碰坏了这世界完美中的什么。可惜他不再写诗了,只能在中文版的《诗歌全集》上签名,写得非常缓慢,中风的手颤抖着,像是牵着一条蠕动着的蚯蚓。我看见他从轮椅中站起来拄着金属支架行走的时候,总是低着头,认真地看着地面,似乎正在向一只蚂蚁致敬。

To Explore the Spiritual Root in Wild Weald

To Explore the Spiritual Root in Wild Weald
–A Talk among Guan Yuda, Luo Fei and He Libin
Keywords: Weald Wildness Regression Factors beyond civilization Observation with distance

In the talk, Guan Yuda thought that discussing art in Yunnan can’t go without the nature. Although there was some relationship between He Libin’s painting ‘Weald’ and the natural sceneries, this painting should be put in a even broader contemporary cultural vision, and He Libin is not a scenery painter. In Luo Fei’s view, the first time when modernism regressed to weald, what was got were vanity and desperation. Today if weald is going to be the subject again, either go back to modernism or create the classic for the second time. As far as He Libin is concerned, he thought painting was to solve the ultimate problem of human beings: ‘where to come and where to go’. Going back to the spiritual original weald was exactly the factors beyond civilization, which were more natural, distant and clearer solutions to many problems in today’s city life.

Nostalgia and Walking in the Field

Nostalgia and Walking in the Field
——Preface of He Libin’s exhibition “A Traveler’s log”

Guan Yuda

It was from 2006, I think, He Libin has made some obvious changes in his art works. A lot of works have been painted in the theme of “field” and “wasteland”. They are mainly in the tone of black, white and gray, and have a wild style of drawing, presenting the feeling of sorrow and emotion, which could be found similar to the film of Tarkovsky, a master of cinema from former Soviet Union, and literature of Russian, such as the “light nostalgia” in the fiction of Иван Алексеевич Вунин. But in the same time, they also shows that he is a walker in the dark, angrily and impetuously, wandering around without reason and knowing nothing about the way back home. That is what “A traveler’s log” is.

They are a series of works, emotional and deep, which could be thought as the record of what the artist had experienced those years. Like how cardiogram works, they show the pulse, temperature and heartbeat of the artist when he was painting. Although the image, such as wasted field, felled forest, wild grasses, harvested farm, land, sky and mountain and so on, could be found in them, I still don’t think they are a series of landscapes. He refers to the definition of “landscape” in the modernism and paints many images of it in fact, moreover, the basic elements of the works are related to the “landscape”, however, what they have indicated are far beyond what is called landscape. If I have to use the concept of “landscape”, I would prefer to call it “big landscape” or “post landscape”, which expresses a will to be back to the harmony with the power of the original nature and the freedom of life. In the history of modern art, from Cezanne and impressionism, it was the weapon to help the artists to defend the “civilization” and “mechanization”.

The most typical representative of it is Gauguin, of course. He hated himself for belonging to the culture of Bourgeoisie and regarded himself as a self-consciously original people and the survival of romanticism. In order to break from the café and salon in Paris, which was the symbol of “civilization”, he escaped to the torrid Tahiti Island in the South Pacific.

The experience of traveling to the west part of China, west north Sichuan, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shanxi and inner Mongolia, in 1994-1995 maybe the reason why He Libin got the idea of the works. During a talk after it, he told me his motivation and said: “Many artists will in pursuit of the life itself in all kinds of ways. And I think I have to go back to the origin. The origin nature ranks higher than the humanized one, I should go inside and feel it.” He mentioned “back”, “origin” and “origin nature” here, which are similar to the intention of origin in forepart of modernism art and philosophical system developed by Chuang-tzu from China.

But, the question is if there is a way to be “back”? It is broken in the thought of western modernism. As a classic theme in modernism, “wasteland” was used by Thomas Stearns Eliot and Hermann Hesse, which was seemed as a prison and having no life existed. Their animadversion caused from the deep pain, disappoint and sorrow to the western civilization. Spring should be the time that everything grows up, but from Eliot’s point London, the symbol of modern, was a wasteland. In that dying world, people were dead although they were still alive, having only the feeling of desperation and flesh in their heart. The philistinism and contemptibility filled the world, and people were going to death ignorantly under the obituary dark cloudy sky. The reality was like the hell, and modern people were a group of soulless ghosts.

He Libin is living in Yunnan, which is a beautiful and peaceful place full of romantic atmosphere. The tradition of Naxi people in his blood also attaches him to the pure nature. So what he describes in his works should be different to the above. I think, given the personality, experience and the pursuit of culture of him, the opinion, that the essence is consistent with the nature from Daoism, might has made more impression to him. From Chuang-tzu’s point of view, the beauty of sky and land, the order of seasons and the vicissitude of everything are all made by the power of nature, which is the principal of the universe and affected by nothing. In front of it, people can’t do anything but to show their reverence. That is the reason why He Libin often arranges a people walking in the vast scenery, which is like the pattern of Chinese traditional landscape, such as the《Traveling amid Mountains and Streams》by Fan Kuan.

But this time, the traveler is not so easy and free compared with the ancient Chinese intellectual. On the contrary, he is a little bit anxious, worrying, sad and lonely. The conflict fills the works and makes it to present the feeling of sorrow and nostalgia which is not so severe. The feeling is not under control when walking in that kind of field. A poem said “life has no homeland, heart is the direction.” Being different to the fictitious Tahiti and tarnished Eden described by Gauguin, who insisted on getting on the way “back” last century in France, He Libin’s works are sad, emotional, romantic and sorrow, which is deep to the heart and like the wolves’ crying in the field. It recalls me that last autumn He Libin and I had some drink in a Naxi people’s village near La Shi Lake in Lijiang. It was a night with many stars on the sky, we were drunk, walked around and couldn’t find the way home, which is like the traveler, helpless but still being forward, in his paintings.

I suddenly feel it coincidental when my words come here. It seemed to be a real metaphor that, in fact, everyone including me is a “traveler”, we are all on the way “back home” through the field. We all want to go back “home”, but have not the direction, nor the answer.

Mar. 22, 2008 night
Kunming

Turn round is barren field - On He Libin’s “Wild Field” series painting

Turn round is barren field - On He Libin’s “Wild Field” series painting
–about He Libin’s arts

written by Luo Fei

Contemporary art we discuss today in fact is a kind of art on metropolis. It points to the modern social system of metropolis in such aspects as theme, style, trend of thought, economic system and target audience. Although such an idea can’t embrace all contemporary art, we can find that such a tendency is influencing the interest of mainstream artistic circle and the creation of contemporary artists if we refer to the themes of international Biannual exhibitions held in recent years. Indeed, as a cultural incident, contemporary art has its cultural pertinence to survival in metropolis, has criticism and concerns and holds together the echoing in cultural psychology with the target group-city dwellers, organic experience and survival experiences. This kind of grand depiction on metropolis can’t provide a kind of foreseeable critical stand to the survival situation of contemporary people, for the depicter himself is also at a certain layer in the society. Sometimes, we just get the opposite to what we wish and have a kind of fawning, i.e. the coquettish art in late 1990s, today’s big face painting school, prevalent brutal youth diary style as well as auto finishing swept the sculpting circle. In order to reflect the blundering and flattering reality, artists decide to make themselves and their art even more blundering and seductive. Such criticism is just an ineffective solution.

Such beyond-metropolis themes as natural scenery are also occupied by various schools in the modernistic art movements. In result, few people are willing to face the nature, and scenic art has become a kind of concept. There’s only stale methodology, or scenery painting under naturalism. They only secure their stronghold conservatively in contemporary cultural art and have no relation with the survival situation and spiritual appealing of contemporary people.

Under such a historical environment that contemporary art is urbanized and non-metropolis scenery art becomes obsolete, people are unwilling to let go of, but willing to be apart from the term “land” and related glossary which was popular in China in the 1980s, but was regarded as foolish from the 1990s to the present. In-depth mode is completely got ride of in the tide of art marketization.

However, at present when the people are easily dissimilated by metropolis, fame and power, artists who are loyal to the realistic appealing in the deep of human nature retreat from metropolis. They return to nature and land to pursue time and space belonging to themselves, distance from metropolis and to consider the survival crisis of themselves as well as that of modern people and metropolis dwellers. We hereby branch out our expounding with He Libin’s recent oil painting “Wild Field” as an example to see how the artist faces his inner world and the current spiritual land.

He Libin engaged in oil painting creation originally. In the past 10 years, he mainly conducted conceptual schema experiences with upon-frame drawing comprehensive materials, pieced together Chinese traditional landscape schema with earth, nail and burned newspaper.Twisting newspaper into a bar and tessellating into calligraphy patterns are the representative work in this period in order to concern Chinese traditional view on nature and the situation of its schema. In late 2005, for his love of painting and captivation, he resumed upon-frame drawing. During this period, he has made a large amount of black and white oil painting sketches on rural and urban landscape. In the summer of 2007, he carried large-size painting frames to Tiger Leaping Gorge in order to paint in the face of the steep mountain cliff. We can see from this that He Libin has a special sentiment to painting and the great nature. He cares about the influence of the on-site feeling to painting, and a large amount of sketch work done in a short period of time also indicates great energy contained in the deep of his inner world.

He Libin began to create the “Wild Field” series of paintings in 2006. The “Wild Field” series I mentioned here cover three groups of works with “Wild Field” as the representative. The number of paintings in the other two groups is relatively small. One group is the “Sun Chasing”, based on the original version of “Kuafu Chasing of the Sun”, the famous myth story in the “Book of Mountains and Seas”. The other group is the “Extinguishing” of an unknown fire. As the two groups of pictures occur in the “Wild Field” and have consistency and continuation with it in methodology, style and spiritual appealing, they are embraced in the “Wild Field” series in expounding.

The scenery paintings constituted with black and white depict the trees, trails, wild fields, wild grass and reed in the wind, as well as wild field with boorish, concise and expressive style. Thick and unmixed paints are piled on the painting and special tactile feel is formed on the painting cloth. From the use of the painting brush, we can even see that the artist’s excitement at the time of painting and the brush is applied skillfully. We can even see He Libin’s pursuit of freshness in the picture and similarities in his way of painting to calligraphy in running script. “Wild Field” series have continued the visual experiences that He accumulated in comprehensive material experiment stage and the boundary between forms and structure is weakened by the mottled black and white relations, making the entire picture show an atmosphere of burning and imposing. What is interesting is that He Libin has pre-set different expression manners before making many paintings and challenges himself through the demand of scene and feeling. We can say that this series have no perfect methodology and pays more attention to the touch and creation obtained at the time of facing the landscape: some are depict of the landscape, some summarize the landscape in succinct style; some reflects the visional image in running; some presents the original tactile feel of land by piling up paints; some present the atmosphere of field with abrasive sand-alike picture tactile feel etc. Although different paintings have different expression ways, in terms of the overall style, “Wild Field” series have inherited the spiritual principle of expressionism: be loyal to the inner experience and spiritual state at the time of making the painting, and endow corresponding expression to the picture. The adoption of large amount of black and white and cool grey color has created a dream-like environment, just like the vanishing memory. Meanwhile, such a black and white picture has intensified the rational pursuit in the work. In contrast to the negligible standup and running people, such kind of “small figure and big landscape” makes people often associate the relations between people and nature in Chinese traditional landscape painting. In result, a straightforward view on nature and universe is presented. Different from traditional landscape schema, He Libin’s picture still adopts focus perspective, not disperse perspective, i.e. he enters the “wild field” in first person.

In “Kuafu Chasing the Sun” series, the first person perspective becomes very prominent, for the story comes from a literary allusion. The artist plays the role of Kuafu and goes to the fantastic and holy site of sun chasing in person. Staring at the dazzling sun in the field, what leaps before the eyes is the unevading sunlight—this is a fixed picture of the myth of “Kuafu Chasing the Sun”. As the first idealist in Chinese culture, Kuafu’s death has a strong tragical color and representative significance for sun chasing. Of course, people still have different views on Kuafu’s death and there are still many riddles. In the view of He Libin, “Kuafu chasing the sun” is not as insignificant as “a moth darting into a flame”. He firmly believes that there’s certain enlightment in the story. Therefore, he decided to go to the site for sun chasing, face the sun directly and press the pause button. According to Hegel, the realistic subject of primitive tragedy is deity. Deity here is not confined to deity under religious ideas, but divine ethic factors in the acts of some people in the world—i.e ideal. But there’s boundary between earth, ideal and paradise—chasing sun is not the same as being sun, which is the “boundary” that the God sets for idealism. The consequence for going beyond the boundary is death, which is the basic enlightenment from the myth of “Kuafu Chasing the Sun”.

In the eyes of He Libin, the purpose for painting is to solve questions of the human self, i.e. the ultimate question of “Where do I come from and where do I go to”. The person here is not a general concept, but an individual - or, he himself. In He’s eyes, we must go back to the wild field - the origin of spirit as there’s no modern civilization element there and people can cope with and solve many questions in urban life with a clearer mind from a distance. Out of this consideration, He Libin decided to step into the wild field alone to seek answer to the question in his mind.

Wild field ever was the barbarous land to exile the criminals. Later, it was made a classic image in modern literature. Both T. S Eliot’s lyric long poem “The Waste Land”, or Jame Joyce’s Ulysses are themed on the evil and declining of modern cities with the comparison of myth as the basic structure and the thinking of the fortune of the mankind as the basic topic. Why does mankind exist? What on earth shall be used as the value of mankind? It is rational or irrational, self explanation or belief? As modern industrial civilization and technology come from the soil of western rationalism, why there’s evil in the world? Why people are still sad, crying and bleeding? Shakespeare said: “The world is disordered and in chaos”. Such questions can’t be eradicated just like the flying dusts that Kuafu must face under the sunlight.

He Libin has entered a stretch of wild land overgrown with grass. It’s a place where no people govern for a long period of time, which is just the origin he expected. According to the Bible Genesis, the classic Judean work, the land when Adam & Eve stole taste the forbidden fruit is also a stretch of deserted land: “And no plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up” (“Bible” Genesis 2:5). Does this mean that before the occurrence of evil, this is a stretch of place of origin having no virtue and evil?(1)

He Libin entered the wild field - this stretch of place of origin, with first person perspective; he also gazed himself who was watching and contemplating in the picture as an outsider. I had such feelings after watching the “Wild Field” series for the first time.

When people retreat from various affairs, depart from the chaotic and busy world and go to an unpopulated land, the small-sized people no longer are animals having breath on the earth. When people face sun and land directly, they will re-obtain the thinking on eternity and truth. When people re-review their values, the physical body and will no longer are vulnerable to the temptation of the world. The heart of loners is as peaceful as stagnant water. The soul of loners is well settled. Loners just watch silently in the wild field. They just watch silently themselves, the world and the circumstances for people in the world. In this process, the mood and feeling of the loner will be well released to experience the unique realm of “integration between myself and the world. But, why shall an artist select to stay alone? I think the artist is a person who lives on the world but doesn’t belong to the world. He is the watcher of human soul.

According to the original intention of He Libin, the purpose for retreating from metropolis to the wild field for a period of time is to obtain the sense of distance from the world and inner peace, which I think is a field that foreseeable cognition may be obtained. Just as what Jesus spoke to the crowd about John The Baptist: “What did you go out into the desert to see? A reed swayed by the wind? If not, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine clothes? No, those who wear expensive clothes and indulge in luxury are in palaces. But what did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet. (“Bible” Matthew 11:7-9). Here, the purpose for people to go to the field is to see and follow the prophet. At present when the Dao has retreated(大道隐没) and prophets are absent, silently watching and reflecting in the wild field may obtain a foreseeable cognition and critical stand. He Libin regarded himself as a skeptic and his skepticism directs at the rational utmost and progressive theory in the urbanization process after modern industrial revolution. This kind of doubt is really precious, just like what the German historian Jacob Christoph Burckhardt said: “the false skepticism is prevailing in some period… but the realistic skepticism is already insufficient.” The recent “Extinguishing” series are also based on such a spiritual clue. The raging fire on the wild field comes from an accident? Disaster? Rage? Abnormal phenomenon? Or absurdism?

He Libin’s retreating to the wild field is just a turning around in his eyes. He began his artistic career on wild field theme 14 years ago and now turns around to face the wild field directly for those un-clarified questions. On the other hand, this kind of turnaround also reflects the reflection and peace needed today. This just comes from our affection to nature and ideal, as well as the call from the wild field.

In our culture, seclusion is a kind of perfect method to handle the contradiction between reality and ideal. But to He Libin, the purpose for secluding to the wild field is not for enriching himself as the mountain and water in the wild land is already endangered in the process of urbanization and industrial revolution and the leisurely and carefree mood can’t be obtained. Therefore, the turnaround doesn’t mean forever peripateticism, but one must face his spiritual land overgrown with grass. He said: “I have a strong impulse to release myself. Especially in the chaos world, secluding to the wild field and returning to the coolest and calmest state enable every one to face the reality with a sober idea.”

What is respectable in this group of “Wild Field” series, is that he was greatly challenged as he not only wants to seek ultimate answer in the wild field, but also to obtain breakthrough in skill, style and schema.

Nevertheless, the topic is wild field, not yard scenery, which is the realistic progress of Literati Painting. The paintings are profound reflections on the urbanization and flattering of contemporary art, as well as a vivid paradigm to scenic art.

Written By Luo Fei in Liangyuan, Kunming on the night of March 18, 2008

Notes:

(1),According to Bible Genesis, the mankind was exiled out of the paradise for the grandfather Adam & Eve’s stole taste the forbidden fruit and the mankind becomes declined since that time. This is the original sin in Christianity.

about He Libin’s exhibition

The comments about He Libin’s arts

From ‘The Way to Come and Go’ to ‘Overlapped View’
–A Talk between Cheng Changwei and He Libin

Keywords: Earth Fantasy and reality Contrast Material experiment

In the talk, He Libin depicted the relationship between his own artworks and life, and an important one was the relationship between human beings and the earth. In 1994 and 1995, He Libin traveled to the west of China, such as Gan Su, Xing Jiang, Shan’Xi and Inner Mongolia. He was deeply touched by the desolation and emptiness in the west and created his first series about that: ‘Views in the West’. During the following years, He Libin has also been expressing the relationship between human beings and the environment by his artworks and doing material experiments in accordance to the changes of his feelings. He Libin answered some questions like what was the relationship between painting language and art history. In the talk, the ideas about contemporary art in Yunnan were also mentioned. According to He, contemporary art in Yunnan was dynamic and with very strong inclination to be experimental, and existed in a free and loose atmosphere to build itself.

Thoughts in Lapse
–A Talk between Zhang Guanghua and He Libin

Keyword: Skeptic Forgotten views Lost world Lapse Inspiration

In the talk, He Libin explained the reason why he created ‘The Lost Writing’ and ‘The Forgotten Views’ by newspaper. Newspaper is of mass production, cheap and with rough touch. After being folded and twisted, the change of black, grey and white of newspaper is what He Libin wanted to express about the forgotten views. In He’s opinion, ‘Everything in the world is wearing away’, and he wanted to express the lapse of time by his artworks.

To Explore the Spiritual Root in Wild Weald
–A Talk among Guan Yuda, Luo Fei and He Libin

Keywords: Weald Wildness Regression Factors beyond civilization Observation with distance

In the talk, Guan Yuda thought that discussing art in Yunnan can’t go without the nature. Although there was some relationship between He Libin’s painting ‘Weald’ and the natural sceneries, this painting should be put in a even broader contemporary cultural vision, and He Libin is not a scenery painter. In Luo Fei’s view, the first time when modernism regressed to weald, what was got were vanity and desperation. Today if weald is going to be the subject again, either go back to modernism or create the classic for the second time. As far as He Libin is concerned, he thought painting was to solve the ultimate problem of human beings: ‘where to come and where to go’. Going back to the spiritual original weald was exactly the factors beyond civilization, which were more natural, distant and clearer solutions to many problems in today’s city life.

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Some comments about He libin’s arts:

He Libin is good at using the integrated materials in a plane to imitate the model of Chinese ancient landscape paintings, expressing a deep rusting memory as well as the rejection and disappointment of the reality.

- Mao Xuhui,The prologue of “Altitude Reaction - Yunnan Young Artist Joint Exhibition”, 2003

The language pattern of He Libin’s works is an approach with multiple parallel language layers. The main scene comes from the traditional Chinese landscape painting but its underlying media is the background that combines calligraphy, printed texts, as well as modern synthetic-coated paint, which displays a more self-expressed narrative text style.

- Wu Jun,”Creativity and Cultural Significance of Contemporary Institute” (Review On The Second Biennial Guiyang Painting Exhibition), 2003

The work (”Lost writing”) is made up of strongly distorted newspaper that is turned into long sticks and in a smart way be neatly pinned together with nails, and the calligraphy comes from the distorted newspaper is embedded in them. These materials and methods make the exciting writing process suffocated, and traces of abstract cursive handwriting become vaguely visible.

- An Li (East Asian Media Anthropology Institute, Germany) ,”Wandering Lives - Individual Disasters & Non-art Uncooperative”, Experimental Art Exhibition Review, 2005

The Naxi Minority artist from Lijiang is known for his deep and internal artistic style, whose painting materials and topics are full of the artist’s inherent personality and great creativity.

- Lin Qingquan”New Living” B42, July 14, 2005

From the naming of the “Western Landscape” in 1995 to “Memories”, “The Come-and-go Road” to “Drifting Shadow”, “The Duplication of Sceneries”, “Lost Writing”, “Dedicated to my Hometown of Lijiang - the 100 moments on December 24, 2005″, such titles are throughout his all works in the past 10 years, including the naming of the exhibitions that he organized or participated, such as “A Tale of Two Cities”, “Mirage”, all expressing his memorial feelings. He has always been careful to find, in his stirring heart, the bygone years and time. It is precisely this consanguinity of historical awareness and the sharing of space-time that consists of the scenery with the preciousness of multiple significances.

- Lin Shanwen,”Art Cases”, April 2006

Walking away from various temporal issues, leaving the noisy and complicated world behind and coming into a no man’s land, when a man is with himself in the wilderness and solitude, he, so small under the sky, is no longer just a short-lived breathing creature on the earth but getting started to regain the thought of eternity and truth; he will rethink his own values and his physical body and mind will no longer be vulnerable to temptation of desires. The lonely heart stays calm and the lonely soul rests at peace without any confusion but with contemplation at the empty land and wilderness, the sole contemplation, the contemplation of himself and of the world around himself and of his conditions as a man who lives in the world. In the process of contemplation, the lonely heart and soul are fully open and released to experience the contemplation condition of “I am in the world and the world is in me” in the empty land and wilderness. However, as an artist, why does he choose to live lonely and in contemplation? I think that an artist has to live in the world where he is not belonged to, since he is the watcher of human being’s soul.

I think that is a link between the deep soul experience and He Libin’s recent works – the “wilderness” series, and the experience can be created and shared between every lonely person who lives in contemplation.

He Libin has walked away from the landscape model, and out of the symbolism of materials and signs. In my opinion, that is a qualitative leap for his artistic life. He once entered a world, looking around in the widely spread images and signs, then he retreated into wilderness full of weeds to contemplate; entered a world of traditional Chinese academic landscape images, then retreated into this world’s paintings of contemplation; entered a mixed signs and materials to have the meanings of culture expression, then retreated into a life experience of the dialogue between himself and soul wildness. As I once said, Libin is that kind of artist who seeks for dual dialogues. Today, the dual dialogues are no longer the dialogues of history, images, signs and materials, but the dialogues between him, as a person who have real lives and feelings and the world. This is gradually emerging through the dialogues about the history, images, signs and materials. Although there are anxieties and struggles during the contemplation in the wilderness, it is the real soul experience for a person who gets started to walk into the way of contemplation and loneliness. The loneliness and pain during the contemplation and loneliness will return eternal soul relief.

I think that it is the wilderness, rather than the yard beauty, that represents the real progress of Chinese academic landscape paintings.

- Luo Fei,”The Contemplation Conception in the Wilderness”, December 31, 2006

Recently Li Bin and Lan Qingxing went to the Tiger Leaping Gorge, where I had been in 2003, for sketching and drew a number of landscape paintings, all of which are pressing stone mountains where clouds are flying around, and that is cool. You will always feel the fragile and short lives when you face the steep mountains. I was wondering why Li Bin and his companies would transport frame canvas so far for sketching under the hot sunshine and in the rain. Nowadays, although there are countryside going and materials collections during an art course, few students can truly comprehend the wonders of the Nature, since the countryside going and materials collections have become formalized and superficial teaching mode: there are no emotional dialogues with the locals during the countryside goings, and the sketching have not built a link between the students’ heart and world, or the Jingjie (state or the level of one’s perception).

We once talked about the importance of the wilderness experience for individual lives and ethnic groups. Although Li Bin does not understand Christian spiritual theology, his deep experience of wilderness/empty land makes him know about the need for soul building and makes him understand the meaning of loneness in this noisy and complicated world, which makes him understand that the wild is the source of power. It was the end of last year when I first saw him getting started to paint the two or three of the “wilderness” series, then I wrote down my feelings about that when I came back and sent the article to him with uncertainty, since I do not understand why he was concerned about wilderness. I only turned my experience at the belief and spiritual level into artistic language to describe the “wilderness.” Later on, he said: “Although the words are very short, it was very in line with my mood.” I think the real soul experience on art and religion is the same.

The Jews are very familiar to wilderness since their ethnic history is generated from the wilderness, and nowadays they often live outside with the whole family. But for Chinese, especially intellectuals, wilderness is so far away that there are many pretty hills, green waters and pleasant courtyards in our traditional culture but no a barren wilderness.

On the going into wilderness, there are two points must be explained. Firstly, living alone in wilderness is not escaping but regaining strength and listening to the voices of his own soul, whose charming can not be understood by those who do not have the deep lonely living experience. Chinese literati like to go to beautiful landscapes being with themselves, but as I once said, it is the wilderness, rather than the yard beauty, that represents the real progress of the Chinese academic landscape paintings, because it surpassed the transmigrate fate that Chinese literati can not avoid: escape and seclusion. Today, there are still many artists who agree with this idea and value - “studio artists”, who make works in the studio working with workers or assistants and let the finished works sent to the agents for high money rewards, then continue to their next studio works. This very safe and hidden way is very appealing for some young artists, since it will make them happy and famous without at lower prices. Secondly, going out into wilderness is not resulting from himself but for the calls from the wilderness and the attraction to our spiritual personality from the personification of the wilderness. Libin agreed with me by saying that we need to repeatedly return to the original point looking up to the light of spirit; otherwise we will be lost in this era.

Libin asked me, “Is there a word to describe my art and thought?” I thought for a while and said no, especially today - there are not so many people who are willing to climb up to barren heights of solitude of the spirit and soul to contemplate. If we have to use a word to describe his art, the word should be “spiritual art” (it is not about the art of spirituality, but about the spirituality of art). It is not a rapid and fashionable response to the current mainstream but the experience of an individual living alone to seek for the universal human spirit of the ultimate brilliance. I said to him, your works is so very close to God!
Every time I talked to Libin I was astonished to see the two light beams of thought that are repeatedly staggered to integrate and bring out the new beams in the dark.

- Luo Fei’s blog “The Spiritual Level in Arts”, 5 September, 2007

In “Western Landscapes” series 12 years ago and current “wilderness” series, He Libin has been trying to “seek for a kind of strong self-exile”, and go back into “coldest and most lonely stage of heart” to liberate the human being’s soul from the heavy shackles of the various desires that derive from the modern material civilization, going back to the calm and natural soul stage, going into the deeper realm of human being’s life to look at themselves, then to face current realities with clearer mind.
In his works, two color modeling elements, which are flowing brushwork full of life passion and the simple black-and-white color, have the dominant position with the light and shape at its services. Shapes are fading away from highly dynamic brushworks that were distorted and rolling, “broken” but not losing its overall internal structural changes. These brushworks, which are full of life energy and touching, learned from Chinese Painting’s conception of “using ink to replace color” to display the meaning of nature by using the black-and-white color, “broken” but not losing the overall body shape, as well as rocks, treetops, and the dramatic flashing lights from the grass, which built a single and unified scene of the whole world.

In his “wilderness” series, the man’s body wrapped for a long time and the stillness of everything in the wilderness has been opened completely. Human being, as presence of the world, is linked to the whole world. The visual world that was experienced by He Libin but was often “forgotten” by the busy people has been reopened.

- Zhu Jun,”The Beard of Realism” (The Preface to “Color World” Exhibition), February, 2008